![]() ![]() ![]() The golden ratio (phi) is a concept regarding the scientific measure of beauty or golden proportion introduced by ancientĮmpirical evidence has shown that there is an ideal arrangement of facial features (ideal ratios) that can optimize the attractiveness of a person’s face. body features that a pretty face is proportional and that a specific ratio can be found in these faces, which defines their attractive proportions and makes this face more attractive than the less attractive faces. However, it may not be used as an objective measure of facial beauty because many faces classified as acceptable and unattractive also exhibit golden proportions. Conclusion: From this result, it is possible to infer a relationship between the golden ratio and facial attractiveness. When these ratios were isolated and tested, only four of the ratios were substantial, at P < 0.05. The highest percentage from the esthetically pleasant groups was significant at P < 0.05. Results: The result revealed that 68 females from the study sample conformed to the golden ratio. The golden facial ratios were then measured in these classified faces. A relationship between the subjective perception of beauty and the golden ratio was established by having observers rate the photographs based on this the sample was grouped into esthetically pleasant, unpleasant, and acceptable. The facial landmarks that Gary Meisner proposed and the PhiMatrix software to analyze golden facial ratios were employed. Materials and Methods: One hundred female students aged 1622 years were mobilized for the study. This study aimed to establish a baseline study on the relationship between subjective assessment of facial beauty and the golden ratio among female students of the University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria. The correlation between the golden ratio and facial attractiveness has been researched in the Caucasian and Asian populations, with little literature on the African population. Introduction: The golden ratio is a mathematical formula proposed over the years to assess facial beauty objectively. ![]() Marquardt's mask does not appear to describe "ideal" face shape even for white women because its proportions are inconsistent with the optimal preferences of most people, especially with regard to femininity. Marquardt's mask best describes the facial proportions of masculinized white women as seen in fashion models. Thin-plate spline analysis is used to illustrate visually how sample faces, including northwestern European averages, differ from Marquardt's mask. Generalized Procrustes analysis is used to show how goodness of fit with Marquardt's mask can be assessed. This article aims to show the proper way of assessing goodness of fit with Marquardt's mask, to address the shape of the mask as it pertains to masculinity-femininity, and to discuss the broader issue of an objective assessment of facial attractiveness. ![]() Given that the general public strongly and overwhelmingly prefers above average facial femininity in women, white women seeking aesthetic facial surgery would be ill-advised to aim toward a better fit with Marquardt's mask. The mask also appears to approximate the face shape of masculinized European women. The mask is ill-suited for non-European populations, especially sub-Saharan Africans and East Asians. The method used to examine goodness of fit with the proportions in the mask is faulty. However, Marquardt's mask is associated with numerous problems. Many have found his mask convincing, including cosmetic surgeons. Stephen Marquardt has derived a mask from the golden ratio that he claims represents the "ideal" facial archetype. ![]()
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